Abstracts
Unknown Author

The fast development of the information society has led to the arrival of new problems associated with the use of ICT capabilities. One of the most important problems is in regard to protecting intellectual property items, including software, which is an important ICT product. At present in many countries, including countries with developed economies, the legislation has proved to be unprepared to resolve such issues.

Key words: information society, ICT piracy level, software, damage from pirate goods, calculation methods, legislation.

In an interview given to the journal Informatsionnoe Obshchestvo (Information Society), Ambassador Kārkliņš highlights a number of key problems associated with the development of an information society, which projects from UNESCO’s Communication and Information Sector are targeting. Some of the most important lines of activity are Internet governance, capacity building in terms of access to information and knowledge, free distribution of and access to information in the Web, creating multilingual web domains.

Other important areas are related to the development of information and computer literacy, ethical issues of the information society, media education, preservation of cultural heritage and digital information for future generations, copyright issues.

Key Words: ICT, knowledge societies, UNESCO, information society, ethical aspects, Internet governance, media education, digital divide, digital literacy, infoethics.

The article gives a summary of the regulatory documents related to the information society development in Russia from 2008 to 2010. During this period important laws, decrees and regulatory documents were approved, which were aimed at improving the mechanisms of the government interaction with society. At the core of these documents lies the concept of “government service” and the corresponding administrative procedure. A method was created for implementing information and communication technologies at government and municipal bodies, the program Information Society (2011-2020) was approved.

Key Words: information society, regulatory documents, federal legislation, electronic government, informatization, information society development strategy, local self-administration, government service, government information systems, government and municipal services portal, universal electronic card.

The article is dedicated to analysis of the methods of knowledge development. The author uses three principles as a presupposition for analysis: (A) any researcher, as with any practitioner, always acts according to certain traditions and within the framework of certain social programmes; (B) an object of cognition is not the world itself, but our activity with the world, knowledge in its elementary form – it is a description of activity; (C) sensualism historically fell to ruin, we gather the content of our knowledge not through sensation, but rather from activity, from practical operations with objects. Four methods of developing scientific knowledge are highlighted and illustrated in rich historical and scientific material: the transfer of research traditions from one branch of science to another (the “newcomer” effect); methodological thought as a transfer of principle categorical schemes from one field of knowledge to another; reflexive transformation as a method of forming new scientific disciplines; theoretical construction. It is demonstrated that theoretical construction is built on samples of engineering activity and one may talk of the isomorphism of theoretical knowledge and the engineering project.

Key Words: Methods of knowledge development, social relay, perception and human activity, ontological knowledge, failure of sensualism, traditions and innovation, methodological thought, reflexive shift, theoretical construction, isomorphism of theoretical knowledge and the engineering project, mathematical construction in physics

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&copy Информационное общество, 2011 вып. 1, с. 78-79.